This
simple question began a 10 year legal battle that ended with the music of the
most influential blues musician, Robert Johnson, back in the hands of his lawful
heir, his son, Claud. The question was posed to Claud's lawyer and good friend,
Jim Kitchens. Claud, now in his 70's, has parked his gravel truck in the
driveway of his Crystal Springs, MS home and is putting his effort to bringing
the music of his dad to another generation. One of the benefits of his new life
was the opportunity for Claud to meet Eric Clapton who was so influenced by the
music of Robert Johnson that he released an entire LP of his music in 2004,
entitled, ME AND MR. JOHNSON. Claud, along with his sons, has also been inspired
to begin "The Robert Johnson Blues Foundation" in memory of his father.
Robert Johnson, "King of the
Delta Blues Singers", was born in
Hazlehurst, MS in Copiah
County, on May 8, 1911. Crystal Springs, MS is the sister city and host of the
Robert Johnson Blues Foundation Spring Festival which commemorates the birth of
the Mississippi blues legend. Robert and his mother did not stay long in
Hazlehurst. After working as migrant labor, his mother moved the family to
Memphis where he lived for several years.
Early in life Robert developed an interest in music. He played Jews
Harp and harmonica for the next few years until he became interested
in guitar in the 1920's. Robert was a good looking boy and he became
very popular with the girls. Eventually he became serious and
married a young Virginia Travis in 1929. She and Robert's first
child died during childbirth in 1930.After this early tragic
experience, Robert became absorbed in his music.
While living in Robinsonville, Robert met other blues singers who influenced his
early style. Among these are Son House and Willie Brown. Bluesman and preacher
Son House particularly influenced Robert with his 'raw and intensely pure
emotional music. Robert went back to his birthplace Hazlehurst searching for his
real father, and became more serious about his music. Though during the
depression, there was ample work and cash being made from the railroad and WPA
highways being built, enough for people to live and have a good time. Bluesman
Ike Zinnerman, became Robert's coach and mentor, and began to teach Robert.
Robert's understanding of women
deepened and he began to understand that they could provide everything he neded.
He met a kind and loving woman more than 10 years his senior with three small
children. Robert and Calletta Craft were married her in 1931. She totally loved
and took care of Robert. Robert wasn't particularly respected at the time
because he was not a hard laborer like many people at the time, his work seemed
too easy to many people. He had beautiful hands, wavy hair and looked younger
than his age. No one knew he was married, and thought he was being kept by an
older woman.
This trip to Mississippi in the 30's was
really important to Robert. During this stay, Johnson's personality developed
into the man he would be. Also of great importance was the musical talent and
ability that blossomed while he was in Hazlehurst. He would spend time alone
practicing songs until they were just as he liked them. When he felt ready for
more learning, he packed up his family and moved to the Delta.
When Robert returned to Robinsonville, he had surpassed his friends Son House
and Willie Brown. He played in bars and on street corners for a new months and
then would move on. Robert began to spend time on the Arkansas side of the
river, across the river from Memphis in a town called Helena. All the great
musicians of that time passed through Helena and west Helena, and many were
influenced by Robert.
There was a special young man to whom Robert took a liking named Robert
Lockwood, Jr. Robert Johnson lived with young Robert's mother, Estella Coleman.
Robert J. tutored the young man who had an admirable musical talent. He shared
much of what he knew with Robert Jr over the next four or five years. His style
took on many of the characteristics of Robert Johnson's. Estella was good to
Robert, she took good care of him. Robert stayed in Helena with Estella and
Robert Jr, and from this base traveled to play all over Mississippi and the
Arkansas Delta. Robert had the opportunity to meet and play with all the great
blues contemporaries.
Robert guarded his musical style well. If he felt
someone wanted to be like him, play like him, he would leave in the middle of a
performance. He loved travelling and seemed always on the move. Robert
could play most anything requested of him. He had an ability to learn music and
lyrics quickly, after only hearing a song once, he could play and sing it, not
only the blues, but pop, ballads, and other styles as well.
By the mid-thirties, Johnson was well known through the Delta, Mississippi, and
Tennessee, and began to think about recording his music. He contacted H. C.
Spier in Jackson, MS, who connected him with someone who could help him. In 1936
he began to record his songs, among them his most popular Terraplane Blues. He
made eleven records which increased his fame.
Johnson is one of the most admired and influential Delta blues artists despite
his short life and the small number of recordings that he left. His songs, such
as "Sweet Home Chicago", "Come on in My Kitchen", and "Crossroad Blues", are
blues classics -- played by thousands of blues artists and adapted by rock 'n'
roll artists such as the Rolling Stones, Led Zeppelin and Eric
Clapton. His life
and work would later influence the growth and talent of such famous musicians as
Eric Clapton, Muddy Waters,
Bonnie Raitt, the Rolling Stones, Red Hot Chili
Peppers, and yes, Elvis.
Robert Johnson was a gifted
singer, guitarist and songwriter whose life story is wrapped in mystery and
legend. Only two photographs are known to exist of him and he recorded only 29
songs before his death in 1938 at the age of 27. Many of his contemporaries
believed that he met the Devil at a lonely crossroads at midnight and made a
deal to sell his soul in return for becoming the greatest blues musician of all
time. More likely, he was blessed with enormous talent and spent a lot of time
learning from other blues masters and honing his skills. He achieved some
success and fame from recordings and performances during his life and was
scheduled to perform at the first "Spirituals to Swing" concert at Carnegie Hall
when he died.
Although his burial place remains uncertain, it is generally accepted that his
death was not accidental. Johnson was poisoned by a jealous husband (or
girlfriend) while performing at a juke joint near Greenwood, Mississippi and
died on August 16, 1938. He defined the 30s blues era, but died in 1938 at the
young age of 27. Though he only wrote 29 songs, his impact on the world of music
has been incredible. Many consider him the father of modern rock and roll.
Johnson's music lives on through his recordings, which were first released as a
compilation by Columbia Records in the 1960's. In 1990 a complete two-CD box set
of all his recordings (every take of every song) was released and over a million
sets were sold. His music also lives on through the many blues musicians alive
today -- old and young, throughout the United States and around the world.