Freddie King (September 3, 1934 – December 28, 1976) was an influential American blues guitarist and singer best known for his recordings "Hide Away", "Have You Ever Loved A Woman" and "The Stumble".

Early life
King was born Frederick Christian in Gilmer, Texas on September 3, 1934. His mother was Ella May King, his father J.T.Christian. His mother and uncle, who both played the guitar, began teaching Freddie to play at the age of six. He liked and imitated the music of Lightnin' Hopkins and saxophonist Louis Jordan.

He moved with his family from Texas to the South Side of Chicago in 1950. There, at age 16 he used to sneak in to local clubs, where he heard blues music performed by the likes of Muddy Waters, Howlin' Wolf, T-Bone Walker, Elmore James, and Sonny Boy Williamson. Howlin' Wolf took him under his wing, and Freddie also began jamming with Muddy Waters' sidemen, who included Eddie Taylor, Jimmy Rogers, Robert Lockwood Jr. and Little Walter.

By 1952 he had married a Texas girl, Jessie Burnett. He gigged at night and worked days in a steel mill. He got occasional work as a sideman on recording sessions. Two bands that he played with during this period were the Sonny Cooper Band, and Early Payton's Blues Cats. He formed the first band of his own, the Every Hour Blues Boys, with guitarist Jimmy Lee Robinson and drummer Sonny Scott.

In 1953 he made some recordings for Parrot. In 1956 he recorded "Country Boy", a duet with Margaret Whitfield, and "That's What You Think", an up-tempo blues. This was for a local label, El-Bee. Robert Lockwood Jr. appeared as a sideman on guitar.

On Federal Label
In 1959 he met Sonny Thompson, a pianist who worked for the King/Federal label. In 1960, King signed with Federal, and while there he often shared songwriting credits, and participated in marathon recording sessions with Thompson. On August 26, 1960, he recorded "Have You Ever Loved a Woman" and "Hide Away", which were to become two of his most popular tunes. His debut release for the label was "You've Got To Love Her with Feeling". His second release on King/Federal was "I Love the Woman". "Hide Away" was used as the B-side for this disk; that tune, a 12-bar mid-tempo shuffle in E with an infectious theme in the head section, and a memorable stop-time break that featured some robust-sounding work on the bass strings, was destined to become one of his signature numbers. It was an adaptation of a tune by Hound Dog Taylor. It was named "Hide Away" after a popular bar in Chicago. Strictly an instrumental -- guitar with rhythm section -- it delighted everyone by crossing over and reaching #29 on the US pop chart. It was later covered by Eric Clapton, Stevie Ray Vaughan, the Canadian guitarist Jeff Healey, among others.

After the success of "Hide Away", the label, which was presided over by Syd Nathan, got Freddie and Sonny Thompson to work on making more instrumentals. This they did, producing over 30 of them during the next five years. These would include "The Stumble", "Low Tide," "Wash Out," "Sidetracked", "San-Ho-Zay," "Heads Up," "Onion Rings," and "The Sad Nite Owl". Freddie became popular with the young white audience in Britain as well as the United States, and his playing was a major influence on the upcoming generation of rock guitarists. During this period he was touring frequently along with the big R&B acts of the day such as Sam Cooke, Jackie Wilson and James Brown. His band included his brother Benny Turner on bass.

On the personal side, Freddie was fond, perhaps overly fond, of the Chicago night life. His official website refers to him "Gambling til dawn in the backroom of Mike's cleaners." His wife, now with six children, decided to move back to Texas. Once there, she called Syd Nathan and demanded that he send her some of the royalty money due to her husband. To his credit, he sent her two thousand dollars, with which she made the down payment on a house. Realizing that the family was definitely not coming back to Chicago, Freddie, in the spring of 1963, moved back to Texas to rejoin them.

On Atlantic
King's contract with King/Federal expired in 1966. His first overseas tour in 1967 was a resounding triumph, being extended from one month to three. He was "amazed by his popularity in England."1 While making a series of appearances on an R&B program called "The!!!Beat", he was noticed by Atlantic Records star King Curtis, and in 1968 he signed with the Atlantic subsidiary, Cotillion Records. He released two records for them (see Recordings), both of which showcased his vocal talents. They were not overwhelming commercial successes, however.

On Shelter Records
In 1969 he hired a young member of the "counter culture" Jack Calmes, to be his manager. Calmes got him booked at the 1969 Texas Pop Festival[1], alongside Led Zeppelin and others, and got him signed to Leon Russell's new label, Shelter Records. Shelter records was based in Oklahoma, and featured blues/rock performers such as J. J. Cale and Tom Petty. The company treated Freddie as an important artist, flying him to Chicago to the former Chess studios for the recording of his first album, and giving him a supporting cast of top-calibre session musicians -- including Russell, a rock pianist. Three albums made during Shelter period were well-received. They include many covers of blues classics but also some new songs, including "Big Legged Woman" and Don Nix's "Goin' Down". Most of the new material was written by Russell.

Last years
As were many of the top bluesmen of his generation, he was now playing what he affectionately called the "Fillmore circuit", performing alongside the big rock acts of the day for a young, mainly white, audience. As a result of touring with Eric Clapton, the two became good friends. Clapton held King in very high esteem and following his term at Shelter Records, King signed with the label Clapton was recording for, RSO. His first album there, Burglar featured Clapton and his band on several tracks.

== Music ==
King played with a plastic thumb pick and a metal index-finger pick. He credited Eddie Taylor with having taught him the use of the picks. His instrumental "Hide Away", recorded in 1961, was later covered by John Mayall & the Bluesbreakers featuring Eric Clapton. It was also covered by Stevie Ray Vaughan. King had a strong influence on blues-rock musicians such as Stevie Ray Vaughan, Ronnie Earl, Peter Green and Kenny Wayne Shepherd.

In the early part of his career, King spelled his first name "Freddy". In 1964 he changed it to "Freddie".

Based on incidents while touring, the song "We're an American band" by Grand Funk Railroad, includes the line: "Up all night with Freddie King, got to tell you poker's his thing."

He continued to tour heavily. He died in Dallas in 1976 from a heart attack and complications arising from bleeding ulcers and pancreatitis. He was 42 years old.

In 2003 Freddie King was placed 25th in Rolling Stone's list of the 100 greatest guitarists of all time.

In 1993 by proclamation from the Texas Governor Ann Richards September 3, 1993, was declared Freddie King Day. This is an honor reserved for Lone Star legends such as Bob Wills, and Buddy Holly.